Equipment

Synthesizers : microprocessor controlled & polyphonic analog synthesizers

Monophonic synthesizers

Early analog synthesizers were always monophonic, producing only one tone at a time. A few, such as the Moog Sonic Six, ARP Odyssey and EML 101, were capable of producing two different pitches at a time when two keys were pressed. Polyphony (multiple "voices", each having its own pitch, thus allowing the playing of chords), was only obtainable with electronic organ designs at first. Popular electronic keyboards combining organ circuits with synthesizer processing included the ARP Omni and Moog's Polymoog and Opus 3.

Polyphonic synthesizers

By 1976 the first true music synthesizers to offer polyphony had begun to appear, most notably in the form of the Yamaha CS-80 and Oberheim Four-Voice. These early instruments were very complex, heavy, and costly. Another feature that began to appear was the recording of knob settings in a digital memory, allowing the changing of sounds quickly.

When microprocessors first appeared on the scene in the early 1970s, they were costly and difficult to apply. The first practical polyphonic synth, which was also the first to fully apply a microprocessor as a controller, was the Sequential Circuits Prophet-5 (1977). For the first time, musicians had a practical polyphonic synthesizer that allowed all knob settings to be saved in computer memory and recalled by pushing a button. The Prophet-5 was also physically compact and lightweight, unlike its predecessors. This basic design paradigm became a standard among synthesizer manufacturers, slowly pushing out the more complex (and more difficult to use) modular design.

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